Results of the terrain and landform analysis on site B (EcoScape approach)

No. Shortcut Description 1 crs_w - CROSSECTIONAL Curvature (Wood) 2 dic_s - DIFFERENCE Curvature (Shary) 3 dssslp - DOWNSTREAM Maximum Slope (Tarboton 1997) 4 eastnes - ASPECT Transform - Eastness 5 gf_s - GRADIENT FACTOR (Shary) 6 ho_s - HORIZONTAL Curvature (Shary) 7 loc_w - LONGITUDINAL Curvature (Wood) 8 mac_w - MAXIMUM Curvature (Wood) 9 maxsslp - MAXIMUM slope (Tarboton 1997) 10 mcca - Monte-Carlo based flow accumulation (log) 11 mec_e - MEAN Curvature (Evans) 12 mec_s - MEAN Curvature (Shary) 13 mic_w - MINIMUM Curvature (Wood) 14 northne - ASPECT Transform - Northness 15 plc_m - PLANFORM Curvature (Moore) 16 plc_s - PLANFORM Curvature (Shary) 17 plc_w - PLANFORM Curvature (Wood) 18 plc_zt - PLANFORM Curvature (Zevenbergen & Thorne) 19 prc_m - PROFILE Curvature (Moore) 20 prc_w - PROFILE Curvature (Wood) 21 prc_zt - PROFILE Curvature (Zevenbergen & Thorne) 22 rhc - Relative Planform Curvature 23 ros - Rotor Curvature (streamline curvature) (Florinsky 1998) 24 rpc - Relative Profile Curvature 25 rr - Relative Richness 26 slp - SLOPE (weighted kardinal) (Burrough, McDonell 1998) 27 tr - Topographic Ruggedness 28 trc_s - Total Ring Curvature (Shary) 29 tri - Topographic Roughness Index (Riley, De Gloria, Elliot 1999) 30 ussslp - UPSTREAM Maximum Slope Geomorphons are separated into: Summit, Hollow, Slope, Ridge, Valley, Depression and Spur and related to an ID no..

Experimental Site B 29°08'-29°11'N 117°90'-117°93'E

DEM and attributes were calculated in 2015.

A digital elevation model (DEM) with a cell size of 5 m x 5 m was interpolated from elevation measurements with differential global positioning system (DGPS) using the ordinary kriging algorithm (Krige 1951). The 10-fold cross-validation showed a high accuracy with R²= 0.99 and a root mean square error of 1 m. Based on the DEM 30 terrain attributes were derived which characterize the local, regional, climatic and complex features of site B. Furthermore, geomorphological units (geomorphons) were derived with the algorithm of Jasiewicz & Stepinsky (2013). To avoid multicollinearity and ensure easier interpretation, seven terrain attributes can be choosen, that (i) cover each feature of the landscape at least once, (ii) show high correlation to all soil fertility indicators within each feature and (iii) are not correlated to each other with r > 0.7. Those attributes are: upstream steepest slope (USSSLP), downstream steepest slope (DSSSLP, both Tarboton 284 1997), planform curvature (PLC, Zevenbergen and Thorne 1987), terrain ruggedness index (TRI, Riley et al. 1999), relative richness (RR, Behrens 2003), eastness and northness (Roberts 1986) and Monte-Carlo based flow accumulation (MCCA, Behrens et al. 2008).